? Scope of Project: National, Binational, and Multinational Activities Each nation will pursue geoscience objectives consistent with the overall Project objectives as outlined in section 2.1 and that are pertinent to their country, their level of expertise, and funding ability. As far as possible, regions chosen by each country will be along the borders of the respective nations to maximize the amount of integration and interaction between the countries. These areas have also been chosen because they are areas of high risk and of economic significance to the countries. 3.1 Type of work to be undertaken As outlined in section 2.1, the types of activities to be undertaken by the countries fall under five main objectives. To achieve these objectives and outcomes, the following types of work will be done: basic data gathering; attendance at workshops; field trips; technical courses (short courses), and special activities to disseminate information to school children are just a few of these activities. Each country has provided a work plan that outlines these activities (Appendices A - G). Binational and multinational sub-projects will result in activities such as seminars, attendance at conferences, workshops, field trips, technical courses (short courses), and exchange of personnel, in addition to joint products. The exchange of highly qualified personnel between countries will facilitate the transfer of technology between countries and lead to the training of even more highly qualified personnel. In order to encourage horizontal integration (the countries learning from each other), the following types of integrative work are proposed: a. Short-term exchange of geologists between countries. b. Multinational and binational field trips in areas of mutual interest. c. Multinational and binational workshops, short courses, and seminars focused on problems of common concern. d. Attendance at international conferences in which results of national activities will be presented. e. Production of joint products of a multinational and binational nature. f. Specialized services and advice provided by or for other participants. 3.2 Target Regions The areas chosen by the countries are shown in Figure 3on a broad regional scheme and in more detail in the figures included with the work plans of each country (appendices A through G). These areas, by and large, are along the boundaries of the nations participating in the Project. The regions were chosen because they represent areas that fulfil national objectives as well as the outcomes and objectives of this, the Multinational Andean Project: Geoscience for Andean Communities (MAP:GAC). For the most part the areas have been chosen because of their particular vulnerability to one or more of the aspects addressed by this Project: earthquakes, landslides, and/or volcanoes. By and large the countries have excluded areas with significant populations. However, in countries where these types of areas have been chosen, extra planning will be required in order to achieve a positive outcome. These high population areas will require significant additional work and careful execution in order to overcome the complex political milieu present in such areas that is often difficult to penetrate and manage successfully. 3.3 Multinational Joint Activities and Products This Project proposes a number of sub-projects and activities from which joint products or outputs may result. Conference papers on the Project work of Project participants will be submitted to relevant conference convenors. At the end of the Project, a volume containing papers and/or abstracts will be published summarising the accomplishments of the Project and presenting final results and products of the Project. This will be published either as a stand-alone volume (in digital or paper format) or in dual format (digital and paper), as part of the multinational series). Seminar/workshop/short course notes: Information presented at the workshops and seminars will be of direct benefit to the participants to help them understand and solve problems in the Project areas. Course notes and information will be made available informally for each workshop. The following multicountry short courses or workshops are proposed for the first year of the Project: a. Preparation of hazard maps b. Landslide processes c. Volcanic processes and mapping d. Digital libraries and data models. Products will also include a database and hazard map of the Andean Region, including hazards classified according to type, size, age, characteristics, etc., in an agreed-upon format. "Progress Reports" will present the results of each country. These reports will be prepared by each country with a common format and submitted or presented biannually at the Executive Council meetings. Administrative, financial, and technical reports are to be prepared quarterly for CIDA by the Project Management and for distribution to each participant country for internal use. Two copies of each national or multinational product prepared under the auspices of the Project will be donated and distributed to all participating nations to build their libraries of relevant literature. It is expected that individuals and groups of participants will generate an extensive list of scientific publications that will be attributed to the Multinational Andean Project: Geoscience for Andean Communities. These works will continue to be produced long after the Project has terminated, as will the collaboration between the eight participating countries. 3.4 Multinational Joint Work Plan and Schedule The exchange of geologists as well as international and national experts among the participating countries will ensure that the expertise and knowledge that resides in an individual country will be transferred to the other participants. Table 1 gives a summary of joint work plans for the first year. To maximize the positive benefits of working toward a common goal and well-defined objectives the activities in each country will be integrated as much as possible. Table 1 presents some of the main integrating events to be held during the first year of the Project.